P2P’s costly stunt

A $20K bet that put trust at risk

0xResearch: A Newsletter by Blockworks

Hi all, happy Tuesday!

BTC held up better than the rest of the risk tape on Monday, but the more useful signal was what happened inside crypto. The market kept rewarding utility and tokenization-linked pockets, while leverage proxies and equity-linked names continued to lag.

Today, we dive into P2P’s token sale on MetaDAO. What started as a strong raise quickly turned into a credibility shock, but one that offers a clear real-world test of MetaDAO’s model: junk bond downside with startup upside.

Market Update

BTC held up better than the rest of the risk tape on the March 30 close, finishing +1.2% versus SPY +0.1% and QQQ −0.3%. Gold still did better at +1.6%, so this was not a clean macro all-clear. The more useful takeaway sat inside crypto, where buyers kept paying for utility and tokenization-linked pockets of the market while leverage proxies and equity-linked sleeves got hit.

The cross-sector split was sharp. Memes led the BWR table at +3.7%, followed by DEXs (+3.4%), Oracles (+2.4%), Revenue Leaders (+2.1%), and the RWA index (+2.0%).

On the other side, Perps fell −2.7%, Crypto Equities dropped −3.3%, the Crypto Equity Cohort 2025 lost −4.4%, and Crypto Miners sank −9.9%. Even the AI Top 10 finished down −1.3%, a change from Monday’s 0x issue, which flagged weekly AI leadership.

That mix matters, because the supporting fundamental tape also skewed toward rails rather than broad beta. Aave V4 finally launched on Ethereum mainnet, and Valinor raised $25 million to bring private credit onchain, while miners and treasury-style equities still traded like balance-sheet risk. The market was willing to reward infrastructure, exchange, and tokenization-adjacent stories, but it did not extend that bid to the leveraged parts of the complex.

If that split persists, watch whether DEX, Oracle and RWAs can keep leading without help from perps and crypto equities. A real catch-up move needs those laggards to stabilize. 

Until then, Monday’s action should be treated as selective strength, not a broad risk-on reset.

Daniel

P2P: Junk bond downside, startup upside

What initially appeared to be a smooth launch for MetaDAO quickly turned into a crisis after the P2P.me team (referred to as “P2P” going forward) admitted to trading its own Polymarket raise market using insider information. 

Roughly ten days before the raise, the team placed a total of $20,000 in bets that it would reach its $6M target, despite already having a $3M verbal commitment from Multicoin. According to both the team and investors close to the team, the trade was intended as a marketing stunt rather than an act of bad faith. Still, most agree it was a reckless decision that effectively put a $6M raise and the team’s reputation at risk.

Amid the controversy and after internal deliberation, the MetaDAO team publicly condemned the behavior but chose not to cancel the raise. Instead, it extended the sale by two days to give investors more time to process the new information and offered refunds to any participants who had deposited before the Polymarket incident.

The decision to move forward rested on three points: Participating funds still wanted to proceed, onchain metrics suggest the business has real traction, and MetaDAO’s structure includes a built-in safeguard that allows the market to liquidate the treasury within three months if trust continues to deteriorate. That implies a defined maximum drawdown of roughly 8.9% from the ICO price, assuming P2P fully uses its monthly allowance.

Let’s take a closer look at the sale, which ends today at 8 p.m. ET. Unlike the Hurupay ICO, which was uncapped, this raise is capped within a defined range. More importantly, allocation is not purely mechanical. The team has discretion over the cap table, allowing it to prioritize more aligned, long-term investors such as VCs and liquid funds. P2P points holders will also receive preferential treatment, with the rest of the sale allocated pro-rata.

This is a meaningful improvement for founders. A key criticism of MetaDAO, based on founder feedback, is that raising from short-term capital creates the risk of treasury liquidation just months after the sale, leaving runway uncertain. While that dynamic protects investors from rug scenarios, it introduces significant friction for legitimate teams. Funds like Multicoin, Moonrock, and DBA have publicly announced participation in the P2P sale, contributing to a stronger, more stable holder base.

From a fundamentals perspective, P2P is tackling one of crypto’s most critical problems in emerging markets: fiat on- and off-ramps. In select regions, users can buy, sell, and pay using USDC, with support for widely adopted local payment rails such as UPI (India), PIX (Brazil), and QRIS (Indonesia), among others. As shown below, P2P monthly volumes are at an all-time high of ~$4M.

P2P began in India and is now operational across six countries. India still accounts for roughly 50% of platform volume as of March 2026, but Brazil has scaled quickly and now represents 37%, making it the second major market. Argentina, which launched in November, contributed 10% of volume in March, while Indonesia, Mexico, and Venezuela combined still account for less than 2%. Notably, Brazil took 45 days to launch, while Argentina took 30, with each requiring a local team.

That backdrop makes the team’s newer expansion strategy more notable. Rather than relying on local teams and meaningful upfront spend, P2P is shifting to a “Circles of Trust” model in which local operators stake capital, recruit merchants, and earn a share of the volume they process. Under this model, Venezuela launched in 15 days and Mexico in just 10, both at far lower cost than earlier market entries. With 16 additional countries already in the pipeline, the goal is to scale from six countries today to 40 within the next 18 months.

While no KYC is required to start using P2P, the app offers a zero-knowledge KYC option for users seeking higher buying or selling limits, allowing them to verify their identity without exposing personal data to any third party, including the P2P team itself. As shown below, weekly new KYC verifications have trended downward since early February, suggesting recent volume may have been driven more by existing users than by new user onboarding.

Looking at revenue and valuation, P2P has averaged roughly $47.5K in revenue over the past three months, implying an annualized run rate of about $570K. Against that backdrop, the ICO has already cleared its $6M target. Based on $6.7M in commitments as of writing, the raise implies a $17.2M FDV if the team accepts the full amount, or roughly 30x FDV-to-sales based on the current run rate.

It’s important to note that 50% of the total supply is set to float at TGE. Of that, 10M tokens will go to ICO participants, and 2.9M will seed the initial liquidity pool. The remaining 50% is split between pre-ICO investors and the team: 20% is allocated to pre-ICO investors under a 12-month lockup, while 30% is reserved for the team and becomes unlockable in five milestone-based tranches tied to price appreciation at 2x, 4x, 8x, 16x, and 32x the ICO price.

While the business appears robust and continues to grow, it remains to be seen whether P2P can successfully scale across new countries, expand volumes and revenue, and preserve investor trust in the months ahead. The core risk to the thesis is that it turns into a Ranger-like outcome, in which revenues collapse to zero after the token launch. While that scenario appears unlikely, MetaDAO’s structure is what makes the setup compelling: Tokenholders retain meaningful downside protection. As Proph3t has put it, MetaDAO offers “junk bond downside with startup upside” — a new paradigm for capital formation.

Carlos

Read & Listen

David Rodriguez from Blockworks moderated a DAS panel discussing the state of liquid token markets, including recent price declines, institutional adoption, and shifting sentiment. The conversation explores market structure, value accrual, token design, regulatory developments, and emerging sectors, while outlining potential catalysts for recovery and future growth in crypto markets.

Layer3 published a tokenholder letter arguing that L3 is the parent asset of the ecosystem and that value created across its products and subsidiaries is designed to accrue to the token. It outlines a four-product portfolio: Layer3 Core (mature user acquisition/retention tooling), Ample (the main focus, prize-linked savings for fintechs), Stack (a revenue-generating self-custodial trading JV where Layer3 is the largest shareholder), and ILLA (an early-stage project where Layer3 is a major outside holder).

The update highlights $19M cash, 1.08B circulating tokens, and a ~$7.7M circulating market cap, framing Layer3 as well-capitalized with a runway to 2032 and prioritizing reinvestment over near-term distributions while the business is still in a high-growth phase.

Dune published a report commissioned by Visa, arguing that stablecoins are shifting from crypto-native tools into real payment and settlement infrastructure. It posits that a “second wave” of local-currency stablecoins (EUR, BRL, SGD, JPY, and others) is emerging to move local money globally in real time without rebuilding payment systems. 

The report shows adoption is still small but rising: Local-currency stablecoins total about $1.2B in tracked market cap (with euro stablecoins >80%) and ~1.2M unique holders by Feb 2026. The report’s core claim is that the biggest catalyst is distribution and integration — especially payment networks like Visa bridging card/payout rails with onchain settlement — so local-currency stablecoins can scale in payments, FX, and treasury workflows as part of a multi-currency digital stack “beyond dollarization.”

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